Great Circle Associates Firewalls
(November 1996)
 

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Subject: Re: Spoofing... How does it work.
From: ormonde @ trem . cnt . org . br (Rodrigo Ormonde)
Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 14:52:21 -0300 (GRNLNDST)
To: leon @ networx . com . au (Leon O'Brien)
Cc: firewalls @ greatcircle . com
In-reply-to: <B0000057399 @ dns . networx . com . au> from "Leon O'Brien" at Nov 4, 96 10:45:03 pm

> As far as i know what happens is this...
> 
> 1) The Attacker gains the IP of the trusted client.
> 2) The Attacker the changes his IP address (the source address) to that of
> the trusted client
> 3) the Attacker then renders the Trusted Client inoperative, mainly a port,
> using a SYN flood method.
>     Usually a port like the rexec would be best.
> 4) Then the attacker sends a request for connection to that port on the
> Target Server, this is all blind 
> because the packets that are sent back do not make it to its destination
> (we've disabled the port).
> 5) Because it is all blind the attacker must know the exact actions that
> occur during this activity. 

  Not only this. The attacker must discover what inicial sequence number the
attacked host has chosen to establish the connection. Since this number has 2^32
possible values it's nearly impossible to guess it. This is what makes this 
kind of attack very difficult to be sucessfull.
  In some early implementations of TCP/IP for *nix (and for some X Terminals)
the inicial sequence number wasn't a random number, but simply a number that
was incremented by 1 on every connection. In this case it's trivial to guess
what the next number will be. (the legendary attack from Kevin Mitnick to
Shimomura's machine was based on this flaw)

> Usually the attacker will send a command that will enable another method of
> entry.
> 
> As far as i know thats how its done.....but i have been known to be wrong
> :-)
> 
> Leon
> M/D NetWorx Pty Ltd
> leon @
 networx .
 com .
 au

-- 
Rodrigo de La Rocque Ormonde
e-mail: ormonde @
 cnt .
 org .
 br
PGP Public key: finger ormonde @
 cnt .
 org .
 br 


Follow-Ups:
References:
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From: cima @ via-net . com . br (Fernando Cima)

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